lit., "one living in the same land," denotes "a neighbor," always plural in the NT, Luk 14:12, Luk 15:6, Luk 15:9, Joh 9:8.
<2,,4040, perioikos>
an adjective, lit., "dwelling around"), is used as a noun in Luk 1:58, "neighbors."
<3,,4139, plesion>
the neuter of the adjective plesios (from pelas, "near"), is used as an adverb accompanied by the article, lit., "the (one) near;" hence, one's "neighbor;" see refs. below.
This and Nos. 1 and 2 have a wider range of meaning than that of the Eng. word "neighbor." There were no farmhouses scattered over the agricultural areas of Palestine; the populations, gathered in villages, went to and fro to their toil. Hence domestic life was touched at every point by a wide circle of neighborhood. The terms for neighbor were therefore of a very comprehensive scope. This may be seen from the chief characteristics of the privileges and duties of neighborhood as set forth in Scripture, (a) its helpfulness, e.g, Pro 27:10, Luk 10:36; (b) its intimacy, e.g., Luk 15:6, Luk 15:9 (see No. 1); Heb 8:11; (c) its sincerity and sancitity, e.g., Exo 22:7, Exo 22:10, Pro 3:29, Pro 14:21, Rom 13:10, Rom 15:2, Eph 4:25, Jam 4:12. The NT quotes and expands the command in Lev 19:18, "to love one's neighbor as oneself;" see, e.g., Mat 5:43, Mat 19:19, Mat 22:39, Mar 12:31, Mar 12:33, Luk 10:27, Gal 5:14, Jam 2:8. See also Act 7:27.
Note: In Rom 13:8, for hetron, "another," RV has "his neighbor."
