Part of Speech: Verb
Strong's Number: H8130
Original Word: sane’
Usage Notes: "to hate, set against." This verb appears in Ugaritic, Moabite, Aramaic, and Arabic. It appears in all periods of Hebrew and about 145 times in the Bible.
Sane’ represents an emotion ranging from intense "hatred" to the much weaker "set against" and is used of persons and things (including ideas, words, inanimate objects). The strong sense of the word typifies the emotion of jealousy; and therefore, sane’ is the feeling Joseph's brothers experienced because their father preferred him (Gen 37:4; cf. v. Gen 37:11). This "hatred" increased when Joseph reported his dreams (Gen 37:8). Obviously, the word covers emotion ranging from "bitter disdain" to outright "hatred," for in Gen 37:18ff. the brothers plotted Joseph's death and achieved his removal. This emphasis can be further heightened by a double use of the root. Delilah's father told Samson: "I verily thought that thou hadst utterly hated her [literally, "hating, you hated her"]…" (Judg 15:2). One special use of sane’ is ingressive, indicating the initiation of the emotion. So "Amnon hated [literally, "began to hate"] her exceedingly; so that the hatred wherewith he hated ["began to hate"] her was greater than the love wherewith he had loved her" (2Sam 13:15). This emphasis appears again in Jer 12:8: "Mine heritage is unto me as a lion in the forest; it crieth out against me: therefore have I [come to hate] it" (also cf. Hos 9:15). In a weaker sense, sane’ signifies "being set against" something. Jethro advised Moses to select men who hated ["were set against"] covetousness to be secondary judges over Israel (Exod 18:21). A very frequent but special use of the verb means "to be unloved." For example, sane’ may indicate that someone is "untrustworthy," therefore an enemy to be ejected from one's territory. This sense is found in an early biblical occurrence, in which Isaac said to Abimelech and his army: "Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me, and have sent me away from you" (Gen 26:27). The word may mean "unloved" in the sense of deteriorating marital relations: "And the damsel's father shall say unto the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man to wife, and he hateth [i.e., turned against] her" (Deut 22:16). This nuance is especially clear in Ezek 23:28, where the verb is in synonymous parallelism to "alienated": "Behold, I will deliver thee into the hand of them whom thou hatest, into the hand of them from whom thy mind is alienated." In the case of two wives in a family, in which one was preferred over the other, it may be said that one was loved and the other "hated" (Deut 21:15). This emphasis is found in Gen 29:31: "And when the Lord saw that Leah was hated, he opened her womb; but Rachel was barren." The word, used as a passive participle, represents a spurned woman: "… an odious [unloved] woman when she is married…" (Prov 30:23). Usage Number: 2 Usage Notes: "hatred." This noun occurs 17 times in the Old Testament. Num 35:20 is one occurrence: "And if he stabbed him from hatred, or hurled at him, lying in wait…" (rsv).
Part of Speech: Noun
Strong's Number: H8135
Original Word: sin’â
