Lexicon :: Strong's H2398 - ḥāṭā'

חָטָא

Transliteration

ḥāṭā'

Pronunciation

khaw-taw'

Part of Speech

verb

Root Word (Etymology)

A primitive root

Dictionary Aids

TWOT Reference: 638

Strong's Info

Strong’s Definitions

חָטָא châṭâʼ, khaw-taw'; a primitive root; properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn:—bear the blame, cleanse, commit (sin), by fault, harm he hath done, loss, miss, (make) offend(-er), offer for sin, purge, purify (self), make reconciliation, (cause, make) sin(-ful, -ness), trespass.

KJV Translation Count — Total: 238x

The KJV translates Strong's H2398 in the following manner: sin (188x), purify (11x), cleanse (8x), sinner (8x), committed (6x), offended (4x), blame (2x), done (2x), fault (1x), harm (1x), loss (1x), miss (1x), offender (1x), purge (1x), reconciliation (1x), sinful (1x), trespass (1x).

KJV Translation Count — Total: 238x

Outline of Biblical Usage [?]

to sin, miss, miss the way, go wrong, incur guilt, forfeit, purify from uncleanness
1. (Qal)
  1. to miss
  2. to sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty
  3. to incur guilt, incur penalty by sin, forfeit
2. (Piel)
  1. to bear loss
  2. to make a sin-offering
  3. to purify from sin
  4. to purify from uncleanness
3. (Hiphil)
  1. to miss the mark
  2. to induce to sin, cause to sin
  3. to bring into guilt or condemnation or punishment
4. (Hithpael)
  1. to miss oneself, lose oneself, wander from the way
  2. to purify oneself from uncleanness

Strong’s Definitions [?](Strong’s Definitions Legend)

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon [?] (Jump to Scripture Index)

STRONGS H2398: Abbreviations

† חָטָא ₂₃₈ verb miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic חֲטָא aXjo Assyrian ḫâṭû. Zim^{BP 46}; Sabean חֿטא, החֿטא id., DHM in MV; Arabic جَطِئَ do wrong, commit a mistake or an error; II. make to miss the mark; IV. miss the mark, miss the way; Ethiopic ኀፕአ፡ fail to find or have; sometimes sin, especially in derivatives) —
Qal Perfect ח׳ Exodus 32:31 + 29 times, 3rd person feminine singular חָֽטְאָה Leviticus 5:15; Lamentations 1:8, חָטָֽאָה Jeremiah 50:14; Ezekiel 16:15, חָטָאת Exodus 5:16, etc., + 82 times Perfect; Imperfect יֶחֱטָא Leviticus 4:3 + 12 times, תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ Exodus 20:20; Psalm 4:5, etc. + 20 times Imperfect; Infinitive חֲטֹא Ezekiel 3:21 + 8 times, מֵחֲטוֺא Psalm 39:2, מֵחֲטוֺ (text error for מחטא) Genesis 20:6, בְּחֶטְאָה Numbers 15:28, חֲטאֹתוֺ Ezekiel 33:12 (strike out Co); Participle חוֺטֵא Proverbs 13:22 + 6 times, חֹטֵא Isaiah 1:4; Ecclesiastes 9:2, חוֺטֶא Isaiah 65:20 + 2 times, חֹטֶא Ecclesiastes 8:12, suffix חֹטְאִי Proverbs 8:36, plural חֹטִ֯אֿים 1 Samuel 14:33, suffix חֹטֵאת Ezekiel 18:4, 20; —

1. miss: לא תחטא thou shalt not miss anything Job 5:24, אָץ בְּרַגְּלַיִם חוֺטֵא Proverbs 19:2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal); חֹטְאִי חֹמֵסנַפְשׁוֺ Proverbs 8:36 the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself (opposed to מֹצְאִי); miss, i.e. endanger, one's life Proverbs 20:2; Habakkuk 2:10 according to De VB (others below 3 which see).

2. sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty:

a. against man, absolute Exodus 5:16 (E), 1 Samuel 26:21; 2 Samuel 19:21; 1 Kings 18:9; 2 Kings 18:14; with לְ of the person against whom or towards whom one sins, Genesis 40:1 (E), Judges 11:27; 1 Samuel 2:25; 1 Samuel 19:4; 1 Samuel 24:12, 1 Kings 8:31 2 Chronicles 6:22; מה חטאתי לך wherein have I sinned against thee ? Genesis 20:9 (E) Jeremiah 37:18; with בְּ, אל תחטאו בילד Genesis 42:22 (E) do not sin against the lad, against David 1 Samuel 19:4, 5.

b. elsewhere always against God, absolute Exodus 20:20 (E), Exodus 9:34 (J) Joshua 7:11 (D) Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 5:1, 11, 17 (twice in verse); Leviticus 5:21; Leviticus 5:23; Numbers 16:22 (P), Nehemiah 6:13; Job 1:5, 22; Job 7:20; Job 10:14; Job 24:19; Job 35:6; Psalm 4:5; Psalm 78:32; Isaiah 43:27; Isaiah 64:4; Jeremiah 2:35; Lamentations 5:7; Ezekiel 3:21 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 16:51; Ezekiel 28:16; Ezekiel 33:12; Hosea 8:11 (strike out We ^{Kl. Proph}.) Hosea 8:11; Hosea 10:9; Hosea 13:2; לא נתתי לחטא חכי I have not permitted my palate to sin Job 31:30; Participle חֹטֵא, used as adjective, sinful nation Isaiah 1:4; sinful person Ezekiel 18:4, 20; but usually as noun, sinner Proverbs 11:31; Proverbs 13:22; Proverbs 14:21; Ecclesiastes 2:26; Ecclesiastes 7:26; Ecclesiastes 8:12; Ecclesiastes 9:2, 18; Isaiah 65:20. Sin is confessed: חָטָאנוּ we have sinned Numbers 14:40; Numbers 21:7 (E) Judges 10:15; 1 Samuel 12:10; 1 Kings 8:47 2 Chronicles 6:37; Nehemiah 1:6; Psalm 106:6; Lamentations 5:16; Daniel 9:5, 15; חטאתי I have sinned Exodus 9:27; Numbers 22:34 (J) 1 Samuel 15:24, 30; 2 Samuel 24:10, 17; 1 Chronicles 21:8, 17; Job 33:27. Sin is universal: אין אדם אשׁר לא יחטא there is no man who sinneth not 1 Kings 8:46 2 Chronicles 6:36, כי אדם אין צדיק בארץ אשׁר יעשׂה טוב ולא יחטא Ecclesiastes 7:20 for man there is none righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with לְ, against God Genesis 20:6 (E), Genesis 39:9 (J), Exodus 32:33; Numbers 32:33 (both J E), Deuteronomy 9:16; Deuteronomy 20:18; 1 Samuel 2:25; 1 Samuel 12:23; 1 Samuel 14:33, 34; 1 Kings 8:33, 35, 46, 50 2 Chronicles 6:24, 26, 36, 39; 2 Kings 17:7; Hosea 4:7; Micah 7:9; Zephaniah 1:17; Jeremiah 40:3; Jeremiah 44:23; Jeremiah 50:7, 14; Ezekiel 14:13; Isaiah 42:24; Job 8:4; Psalm 78:17; Psalm 119:11; Nehemiah 1:6; in confession חטאתי ל Exodus 10:16; Joshua 7:20 (J), 2 Samuel 12:13 Psalm 41:5; Psalm 51:6; חטאנו ל Deuteronomy 1:41; Judges 10:10; 1 Samuel 7:6; Jeremiah 3:25; Jeremiah 8:14; Jeremiah 14:7, 20; Daniel 9:8, 11; with בְּ of instrument, lips Job 2:10, tongue Psalm 39:2; wherein Ezekiel 37:23; Leviticus 4:23 (P), therein Leviticus 5:22 (P); ellipsis of בְּ in pharse לי עונם אשׁר ח׳ (their) iniquity wherein they sinned against me Jeremiah 33:8 (twice in verse); בשׁגגה by error, unwittingly Leviticus 4:2, 22, 27; Leviticus 5:15; Numbers 15:27, 28 (all P); against thy judgements Nehemiah 9:29; with עַל with regard to Leviticus 5:5; Numbers 6:11(P) Nehemiah 13:26; with cognate accusative חֲטָאָה ח׳ Exodus 32:30, 31 (JE); חַטָּאת אשׁר ח׳ Numbers 12:11(J) Leviticus 4:3, 28 (twice in verse); Leviticus 4:35; Leviticus 5:6, 10, 13 (all P) Leviticus 19:22 (twice in verse) (H), Deuteronomy 9:18; 1 Kings 14:16, 22; 1 Kings 15:30; 1 Kings 16:13, 19; 2 Kings 21:17; Ezekiel 18:24; Ezekiel 33:16; ל חטאת אשׁר ח׳ Jeremiah 16:10; Nehemiah 1:6; על חטאת אשׁר ח׳ Leviticus 4:14 (P); חֵטְא ח׳ Lamentations 1:8; חֵטְא אשׁר ח׳ Deuteronomy 19:15.

3. incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: וחטאתי לך כל הימים Genesis 43:9 I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days, compare Genesis 44:32 (J); with accusative חוֺטֵא נפשׁ for feiting oneself, one's life Proverbs 20:2; Habakkuk 2:10 according to most, yet see below 1 — והביא אשׁמו אשׁר ח׳ Leviticus 5:7 he shall bring his trespass-offering which he has incurred by sin; קרבנו אשׁר ח׳ Leviticus 5:11; מןהֿקדשׁ את אשׁר ח׳ ישׁלּם Leviticus 5:16 what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay.

Pi. Perfect חִטֵּא Leviticus 14:52; suffix חִטְּאוֺ Numbers 19:19, חִטֵּאתָ Exodus 29:36 + 2 times; 3rd person plural חִטְּאוּ Ezekiel 43:22 (twice in verse); Imperfect יַיְחַטֵּא Leviticus 8:15; suffix וַיְהַטְּאֵהוּ Leviticus 9:15, תְּחַטְּאֵנִי Psalm 51:9, אֲחַטֶּנָּה Genesis 31:39, וַיְחַטְּאוּ 2 Chronicles 29:24; Infinitive חַטֵּא Leviticus 14:49; Ezekiel 43:23; Participle הִמְחַטֵּא Leviticus 6:19; —

1. bear loss: אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה I bare the loss of it Genesis 31:39 (E; lit I let it be missing ? possibly read אֲחֻטּנה I was made to miss it ?).

2. make a sin-offering: with suffix referring to שׁעיר Leviticus 9:15 (P); to sin-offering Leviticus 6:19 (P); על המזבח upon the altar Exodus 29:36 (P; not cleanse the altar RV); את דמם המזבחה ח׳ 2 Chronicles 29:24 made a sin-offering with their blood on the altar.

3. purity from sin: the altar, by putting the blood of the sin-offering on its horns, Leviticus 8:15 (P), Ezekiel 43:20, 22 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 43:23; the sanctuary, by applying to it the blood of the sin-offering Ezekiel 45:18.

4. purity from uncleanness: the house of the leper by application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird Leviticus 14:49, 52 (P); a person, by application of then mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer Numbers 19:19 (P), by sprinkling with a hyssop spring Psalm 51:9.

Hiph. Perfect הֶחֱטִיא 1 Kings 14:16 + 17 times, הֶחֶטִ֯י (Kt error for החטִיא) 2 Kings 13:6; suffix הֶחֱטִיאָם 2 Kings 17:21; plural הֶחֱטִיאוּ 1 Kings 16:13; Nehemiah 13:26; Imperfect יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16; 2 Kings 21:11; תַּחֲטִיא Deuteronomy 24:4; וַתַּחֲטִא 1 Kings 16:2; 1 Kings 21:22; plural יַחֲטִיאוּ Exodus 23:33; Infinitive הַחֲטִיא Ecclesiastes 5:5; 1 Kings 16:19; Jeremiah 32:35 (Qr), הַחֲ֯טִי Jeremiah 32:35 (Kt error); Participle plural construct מַחֲטִיאֵי Isaiah 29:21; —

1. miss the mark: קֹלֵעַ בָּאֶבֶן אֶלהַֿשַּׂעְרָה וְלֹא יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16 slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss.

2. induce or cause to sin: with accusative Exodus 23:33(JE), Nehemiah 13:26; elsewhere in the phrase החטיא את ישׂראל (he) caused Israel to sin 1 Kings 14:16; 1 Kings 15:26, 30, 34; 1 Kings 16:2, 13, 19, 26; 1 Kings 21:22; 1 Kings 22:53; 2 Kings 3:3; 2 Kings 10:29, 31; 2 Kings 13:2, 6, 11; 2 Kings 14:24; 2 Kings 15:9, 18, 24, 28; 2 Kings 23:15; with suffix reference to Israel 2 Kings 17:21; את יהודה 2 Kings 21:11, 16; Jeremiah 32:35 (sometimes with 2nd accusative — חטאת, or אשׁר reference to חטאת : — 1 Kings 15:26, 34; 1 Kings 16:26; 2 Kings 17:21; 2 Kings 21:16; peob. also 1 Kings 14:16; 1 Kings 15:30; 1 Kings 16:13; no 2nd accusative 1 Kings 16:2, 19; 1 Kings 21:22; 1 Kings 22:53; 2 Kings 21:11; 2 Kings 23:15; Jeremiah 32:35; the rest are ambiguous).

3. bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: מחטיאי אדם Isaiah 29:21 who bring a man into condemnation; לא תחטיא את הארץ Deuteronomy 24:4 thou shalt not bring the land into guilt; אל תתן אתפֿיך לחטיא אתבֿשׂרך Ecclesiastes 5:4 do not permit thy mouth to bring thy flesh into punishment.

Hithp. Imperfect יִתְחַטָּא Numbers 19:12 + 4 times, יִתְחַטְּאוּ Numbers 8:21; יִתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Job 41:17, תִּתְחַטְּאוּ Numbers 31:19, תִּתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Numbers 31:20; —

1. miss oneself, lose oneself, figurative for be bewildered, beside oneself, מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּאוּ Job 41:17 by reason of consternation they are beside themselves (|| יגורו are afraid).

2. purity oneself from uncleanness, only in P:

a. Levites Numbers 8:21.

b. those in contact with the dead Numbers 19:12, 13, 20; Numbers 31:19, 20; with בְּ, בְּמֵי נִּדָּה Numbers 31:23; by a mixture of ashes of the red heifer with fresh water Numbers 19:12.

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