Lexicon :: Strong's H518 - 'im

אִם

Transliteration

'im

Pronunciation

eem

Part of Speech

particle

Root Word (Etymology)

A primitive particle

Dictionary Aids

TWOT Reference: 111

Strong's Info

Strong’s Definitions

אִם ʼim, eem; a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not:—(and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), + but, either, + except, + more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, + save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, + surely (no more, none, not), though, + of a truth, + unless, + verily, when, whereas, whether, while, + yet.

KJV Translation Count — Total: 43x

The KJV translates Strong's H518 in the following manner: if, not, or, when, whether, surely, doubtless, while, neither, saving, verily.

KJV Translation Count — Total: 43x

The KJV translates Strong's H518 in the following manner: if, not, or, when, whether, surely, doubtless, while, neither, saving, verily.

Outline of Biblical Usage [?]

if
1. conditional clauses
  1. of possible situations
  2. of impossible situations
2. oath contexts
  1. no, not
3. if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or
4. when, whenever
5. since
6. interrogative particle
7. but rather

Strong’s Definitions [?](Strong’s Definitions Legend)

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon [?] (Jump to Scripture Index)

STRONGS H518: Abbreviations

אִם conjunction (= Aramaic NAe if [and in HAe , אֶלָּא = H NAe if not, except], Arabic إِنْ if [and in إِلاَّ= إِنْ لاَ if not, except], Ethiopic እመ፡ (ěmma) if = מָה + אִם (مَا + إِنْ) [and in አላ፡ (allâ) if not, but], Assyrian umma; also in Arabic أَمْ 'An?' = أَإِمْ, compare הַאִם : see Nö^{M p. 208, ZMG 1886, p. 739}; W^{AG i. § 367 e}) **^{Onk Jon} אִם, ^Hag אין.

1. hypothetical particle if.

a. construction (see more fully Dr^{§ 136-138, 143} Friedrich^{Die Hebr. Condit. sätze 1884}):

(1) with imperfect (continued by perfects & waw consecutive; apodosis usually begins with perfect & waw consecutive or bare imperfect; or, if necessary, with imperative or jussive)

(a) of future time: Genesis 18:26 אִם־אֶמְצָא if I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom, וְנָשָׂאתִי I will pardon, etc., Genesis 24:8; Genesis 32:9; Deuteronomy 19:8f.; 1 Kings 1:52b; 1 Kings 6:12; Psalm 89:31; Genesis 42:37; Judges 13:16; 1 Kings 1:52a Psalm 132:12.

(b) of past time (rare, but classical): Genesis 31:8 אִם יאֹמַר if everhe said... וְיָָֽלְדִוּ then they used to bear, etc., Exodus 40:37; & in the protestations Job 31:7, 13, 16, 25 etc. (alternating with pff., see below, & with jussives in apodosis)

(c) assuming a purely imaginary case (with imperfect in both clauses, like the double optative in Greek), if, though: Genesis 13:16 so that אִם־יוּכַל if a man were able to number the stars, thy seed also יִמָּנֶה might be numbered, Numbers 22:18; Isaiah 1:18 כַּשָּׁנִים יַלְבִּינוּ אִם־יִהְיוּ ח׳ though your sins were as scarlet, they should become white as snow, Amos 9:2-4 אִם־יַחְתְּרוּ though they were to dig into Sheôl, from thence תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them, Psalm 27:3; Psalm 139:8 +.

(2) with participle (expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apodosis as 1 a) Genesis 24:42, 49; Judges 6:36; Judges 9:15; Judges 11:9 אִם מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם if ye are going to bring me back... וְנָתַן י׳ then י׳ will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁ or אֵין Genesis 44:26; Exodus 22:2; 1 Samuel 20:8; 1 Samuel 23:23; & with no explicit copula Deuteronomy 22:2; Deuteronomy 25:2; Leviticus 1:3, 14, etc.

(3) with perfect.

(a) of future or present time (continued by perfects & waw consecutive: apodosis as 1 a) Genesis 43:9 אִם־לֹא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ וְהִצַּגְתִּיו לְפָנֶיךָ if I do not bring him back (si eum non reduxero) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever, Genesis 47:6 if thou knowest that there are men of worth among them וְשַׂמְתָּם then make them, etc., Judges 16:17; 2 Samuel 15:33; 2 Kings 7:4; Psalm 41:7; Psalm 94:18; Job 7:4; Job 9:30f. Job 10:14 אִם חָטָאתִי וּשְׁמַרְתָּ֑נִי if I sin, thou watchest me. On אִם־נָא Genesis 18:3 and elsewhere see נָא.

(b) of past time, whether

(α) in actual fact, or

(β) in an assumed case (the perfect is here continued by the imperfect and waw consecutive; apodosis begins as before).

(a) Judges 9:16-19 עֲשִׂיתֶם_⬩⬩⬩אִם if ye have done honestly וַתַּמְלִיכוּ and have made Abimelech king..., 1 Samuel 26:19; especially in protestations, as Psalm 7:4 אִם עָשִׂיתִי זאת if I have done this..., let the enemy pursue my soul, etc. Jeremiah 33:25f.; Job 31:5f.; Job 31:9, etc.

(b) Numbers 5:27 if she have defiled herself וַתִּמְעֹל and been faithless, וּבָאוּ then shall they come, etc., Numbers 15:24; Numbers 35:22-24.

(c) with bare perfect in apodosis, in sense of If... had..., only Deuteronomy 32:30 אִם־לֹא כִּי were it not that..., Psalm 73:15. (לוּ is more usual in such cases.)

(4) with infinitive once (si vera lectio) Job 9:27 אִם אָמְרִי = if I say (literally if (there is) my saying). — Note that the verb following אִם is often strengthened by the infinitive absolute, as Exodus 15:26; Exodus 19:5; Exodus 21:5; Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:12; Exodus 22:16; Exodus 22:22; Judges 11:30; Judges 14:12; Judges 16:11 etc.; compare Dr^{Sm i. 20, 6}.

b. Special uses:

(1) repeated _⬩⬩⬩אִם אִם whether... or (sive... sive) Exodus 19:13; Deuteronomy 18:3; 2 Samuel 15:21; similarly וְאִם_⬩⬩⬩אִם Genesis 31:52; Jeremiah 42:6; Ezekiel 2:5; Ecclesiastes 11:3; Ecclesiastes 12:14 (compare NAe _⬩⬩⬩NAe , NAev_⬩⬩⬩NA PS²⁵⁰; وَإِنْ_⬩⬩⬩إِنْ & وَإِمَّا_⬩⬩⬩إِمَّا).

(2) After an oath (expressed, or merely implied) אִם (the formula of imprecation being omitted) becomes an emphatic negative, and אִם־לֹא an emphatic affirmative: 2 Samuel 11:11 by thy life אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה (may God bring all manner of evil upon me) if I do this thing! = surely I will not do this thing! (compare the full phrases in 1 Samuel 3:17; 2 Kings 6:31) Genesis 14:23; Genesis 42:15; Numbers 14:23; 1 Samuel 3:14; 1 Samuel 19:6; 2 Kings 2:2; 2 Kings 3:14 & often; Isaiah 22:14; Psalm 89:36; Psalm 95:11; Job 6:28; אִם־לֹא Numbers 14:28; Joshua 14:9; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 9:26; Isaiah 5:9; Isaiah 14:24; Jeremiah 15:11; Jeremiah 49:20; Job 1:11 — Ezekiel; after a negative clause, emphasizing a contrasted idea, Genesis 24:38 (where the explanation by Aramaic אֶלָּא is not supported by Hebrew usage), compare Jeremiah 22:6. Repeated, וְאִם_⬩⬩⬩אִם 2 Samuel 20:20; 2 Kings 3:14; Isaiah 62:8; Jeremiah 38:16; Ezekiel 14:16. In adjurations (with 2nd or 3rd person) = that not Genesis 21:23; Genesis 26:29; Genesis 31:50; 1 Samuel 24:22; 1 Kings 1:51; Songs 2:7; Songs 3:5 +. Of past or present time: 1 Samuel 25:34 as י׳ liveth (I say) that, unless thou hadst hastened..., כִּי אִם נוֺתַר that surely there had not been left...! 1 Samuel 17:55 as thy soul liveth אִם־יָדַעְתִּי if I Know it! 1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 18:10 — both אִם־יֵשׁ (כִּי here merely introduces the fact sworn to, & need not be translated; so 2 Samuel 3:35: see כִּי); Psalm 121:2 אִם־לֹא (after a negative clause: compare above Genesis 24:38). compare Str^{§ 90}.

(3) Part, of wishing, if but...! oh that...! (rare) Psalm 81:9 If thou wouldest hearken to me! Psalm 95:7; Psalm 139:19; Proverbs 24:11. compare Exodus 32:32. With an imperative (si vera lectio) Job 34:16 וְאִ־םִֽֽֽבּינָה; and with an anacoluthon, Genesis 23:13 (P) אִם־אַתָּה לוּ שְׁמָעֵנִי if thou! — oh that thou wouldst hear me!

(4) Nearly = when — with the perfect:

(a) of past, Genesis 38:9; Numbers 21:9 וְרָאָה_⬩⬩⬩וְהָיָה אִם־נָשַׁךְ and it used to be, if or when a serpent had bitten a man, that he would look, etc., Judges 6:3; Psalm 78:34 (see Dr^{§ 136} δ Obs.); Amos 7:2.

(b) of present or future, Isaiah 4:4 אִם רָחַץ when the Lord shall have washed, Isaiah 24:13; Isaiah 28:25; compare Numbers 36:4 (with the imperfect).

c. Compounded with other particles: —

(α) בִּלְתִּי אִם except if, except, † Genesis 47:18; Judges 7:14; Amos 3:3, 4.

(β) הֲלוֺא אִם † 2 Kings 20:19 (for which Isaiah 39:7 has sim-ply כִּי), perhaps Is it not (good), if...? (De Di).

(γ) כִּי־אִם, which see.

(δ) עַד אִם † Genesis 24:19, 33; Isaiah 30:17; Ruth 2:21, & עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Genesis 28:15; Numbers 32:17; Isaiah 6:11, until, properly until if or when.

(ε) רַק אִם if only (see below רַק). אִם־לֹא in Ezekiel 3:6b is very difficult. The Vrss render If I had sent, etc., implying לֻא for אִם־לֹא (for Ew's אִם־לֻא = אִלּוּ, which see, is precarious): Ges Hi Co 'but (אִם־לֹא after a negative, compare above Genesis 24:38; Psalm 131:2) unto them (Israel) have I sent thee: they can understand thee' (but understand is a dubious rendering of שָׁמַע אֶל).

2. Interrogative particle

a. in direct question:

(a) alone (not frequently and usually = Num? expecting the answer No, especially in a rhetorical style): Genesis 38:17; 1 Kings 1:27; Judges 5:8 מָגֵן אִם־יֵרָאֶה וָרֹמַח was there a shield to be seen or a spear...?Isaiah 29:16; and repeated Amos 3:6; Jeremiah 48:27; Job 6:12.

(b) more frequently in disjunctive interrogation:

(α) אִם_⬩⬩⬩הֲ, expressing a real alternative Joshua 5:13 הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִם־לְצָרֵינוּ art thou for us, or for our enemies? Judges 9:2; 1 Kings 22:6, 15: more often expressing a merely formal alternative, especially in poetry (a rhetorical Num?) Genesis 37:8; Numbers 11:12, 22; Judges 11:25b 2 Samuel 19:36; Isaiah 10:15; Isaiah 66:8; Jeremiah 3:5; Habakkuk 3:8; Psalm 77:10; Psalm 78:20; Job 4:17; Job 6:5, 6; Job 10:4, 5; Job 11:7 etc.

(β) וְאִם_⬩⬩⬩הֲ (rarer than אִם_⬩⬩⬩הֲ, but similar in use) 2 Samuel 24:13 (a real alt.); Isaiah 49:24; Isaiah 50:2; Jeremiah 5:9 (Jeremiah 5:29 אִם) Jeremiah 14:22; Joel 1:2; Joel 4:4; Job 8:3; Job 11:2; Job 21:4; Job 22:3; Job 34:17; Job 40:8f. (formal); Genesis 17:17 P (with an anacoluthon) shall a child...? וְאִם־שָׂרָה הֲבַת־תִּשְׁעִים שָׁנָה תֵּלֵד or Sarah, — shall she that is 90 years old bear? Proverbs 27:24 (וְאִם after negative clause),

b. in oblique interrogation, if, whether:

(a) alone, after verbs of seeing, inquiring, etc. 2 Kings 1:2; Jeremiah 5:1; Jeremiah 30:6; Malachi 3:10; Psalm 139:24; Cant 7:13; Lamentations 1:12; Ezra 2:59; once מִי יוֺדֵעַ אִם who knoweth if...? i.e. (like haud scio an) perhaps Esther 4:14 (older synonym מִי יוֺדֵעַ alone: see 2 Samuel 12:22; Joel 2:14; Jonah 3:9).

(b) disjunctively אִם_⬩⬩⬩הֲ Genesis 27:21; Numbers 13:18-20; so וְאִם_⬩⬩⬩אִם Joshua 24:15.

c. compounded with הֲ, הַאִם † Numbers 17:28 [Numbers 17:13] הַאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֺעַ probably an emphatic Num? Shall we ever have finished dying? Job 6:13 difficult: perhaps Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait) ? (The view that הַאִם = הֲלֹא nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that אִם in a question has regularly the force of Num?)

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