μή
1,042x in 2 unique form(s) TR
1,040x in 6 unique form(s) LXX
2,263x in 2 unique form(s)
Vine's Expository Dictionary: View Entry
μή mḗ, may; a primary particle of qualified negation (whereas G3756 expresses an absolute denial); (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas G3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether:—any but (that), × forbear, + God forbid, + lack, lest, neither, never, no (X wise in), none, nor, (can-)not, nothing, that not, un(-taken), without. Often used in compounds in substantially the same relations. See also G3362, G3363, G3364, G3372, G3373, G3375, G3378.
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no, not lest
I. As a negative adverb;
1. universally: ᾧ μή πάρεστι ταῦτα, where μή is used because reference is made merely to the thought that there are those who lack these things,
2. in deliberative questions with the subjunctive: δῶμεν ἤ μή δῶμεν,
3. in conditional and final sentences (cf. Winers Grammar, § 55, 2; (Buttmann, 344ff (296ff)): ἐάν μή, unless, if not, see examples in ἐάν, I. 3 c. ἐάν etc. καί μή,
4. joined with the infinitive (Winers Grammar, § 55, 4f.; (Buttmann, §§ 140, 16; 148, 6; cf. Prof. Gildersleeve as above, p. 48f));
a. after verbs of saying, declaring, denying, commanding, etc.: ἀποκριθῆναι,
b. μή with an infinitive which has the article follows a preposition, to indicate the purpose or end: as, πρός τό μή, that... not,
c. in other expressions where an infinitive with the article is used substantively: τῷ μή (dative of the cause or reason (cf. Winers Grammar, § 44, 5; Buttmann, 264 (227))),
d. in sentences expressing consequence or result: ὥστε μή, so that... not,
5. μή is joined with a participle (Winers Grammar, § 50, 5 g.; (Buttmann, § 148, 7; see C. J. Vaughan's Commentary on
a. in sentences expressing a command, exhortation, purpose, etc.:
b. in general sentences, in which no definite person is meant but it is merely assumed that there is someone of the character denoted by the participle: as ὁ μή ὤν μετ' ἐμοῦ, he that is not on my side, whoever he is, or if there is any such person,
c. where, indeed, a definite person or thing is referred to, but in such a way that his (its) quality or action (indicated by the participle) is denied in the thought or judgment either of the writer or of some other person (cf. especially Winer's Grammar, 484 (451)): τά μή ὄντα, that are deemed as nothing,
d. where (with the participle) it can be resolved by (being) such (a person) as not, of such a sort as not: μή ζητῶν τό ἐμαυτοῦ σύμφορον,
6. in independent sentences of forbidding, dehorting, admonishing, desiring, etc., μή is Prohibitive (cf. Winers Grammar, § 56,1),Latin ne, not;
a. with the 1 person plural of the subjunctive present: μή γινώμεθα κενόδοξοι,
b. with a present imperative, generally where one is bidden to cease from something already begun, or repeated, or continued:
c. with the third person (nowhere in the N. T. with the second) of the aorist imperative where the prohibition relates to something not to be begun, and where things about to be done are forbidden: μή ἐπιστρεψάτω,
d. as in the more elegant Greek writings where future things are forbidden (cf. Herm. ad Vig., p. 807), with the 2 person of the aorist subjunctive: μή δόξητε,
e. with the 2 person of the present subjunctive: μή σκληρύνητε,
f. with the optative, in wishes: in that frequent formula μή γένοιτο, Far be it! See γίνομαι, 2 a.; μή αὐτοῖς λογισθείη,
II. As a conjunction, Latin ne with the subjunctive;
1. our that, that not or lest (cf. Winers Grammar, § 56, 2 (Buttmann, § 139, 48f; Goodwin § 46)); after verbs of fearing, caution, etc.
a. with the subjunctive present, where one fears lest something now exists and at the same time indicates that he is ignorant whether it is so or not (Hermann on Sophocles Aj. 272): ἐπισκοποῦντες, μή... ἐνοχλῇ,
b. with the subjunctive aorist, of things which may occur immediately or very soon: preceded by an aorist, εὐλαβηθείς (L T Tr WH φοβηθείς) μή διασπασθῇ,
c. with the indicative future (as being akin to the subjunctive (cf. grammatical references at the beginning)): φοβοῦμαι, μή ταπεινώσει με ὁ Θεός μου,
2. in order that not (Latin eo consilio ne);
a. with the optative: τῶν στρατιωτῶν βουλή ἐγένετο, ἵνα τούς δεσμώτας ἀποκτείνωσι, μή τίς... διαφύγοι,
b. with the subjunctive aorist: preceded by the present,
III. As an Interrogative particle it is used when a negative answer is expected, Latin num; (Winers Grammar, § 57, 3 b.; (Buttmann, 248 (213)));
1. in a direct question:
2. in an indirect question with the indicative (German ob etwa, ob wohl, whether possibly, whether perchance), where in admonishing another we intimate that possibly the case is as we fear (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 57; Winer's Grammar, § 41 b. 4 a.):
IV. The particles οὐ μή in combination augment the force of the negation, and signify not at all, in no wise, by no means; (this formula arose from the fuller expressions οὐ δεινόν or δέος or φόβος, μή, which are still found sometimes in Greek authors, cf. Kühner, ii. § 516, 9, p. 773f; but so far was this origin of the phrase lost sight of that οὐ μή is used even of things not at all to be feared, but rather to be desired; so in the N. T. in
1. with the future indicative: οὐ μή ἔσται σοι τοῦτο, this shall never be unto thee,
2. with the aorist subjunctive (the use of which in the N. T. scarcely differs from that of the future; cf. Winers Grammar, § 56, 3; (Buttmann, § 139, 7)), in confident assertions: — subjunctive of the 1 aorist,
3. with the present subjunctive (as sometimes in Greek authors, cf. Winer's Grammar, 507 (473)): οὐδέ οὐ μή σε ἐγκαταλείπω,
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